Pola Pemberian Makan Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Umur 24 – 59 Bulan

Abstract

Abstrak

Stunting dapat disebabkan faktor langsung (bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah, penyakit infeksi, jenis kelamin, riwayat anemia ibu) serta faktor tidak langsung (imunisasi tidak lengkap, status ekonomi keluarga, pola pemberian makan anak). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan riwayat anemia ibu hamil dan pola pemberian makan anak terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di kelurahan Geneng kecamatan Batealit, Jepara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Metode pengambilan sampel secara simple random sampling. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 85 responden. Uji statistik menggunakan uji chi – square untuk analisis bivariat dan uji multiple logistic regression untuk analisi multivariat. Responden yang mengalami stunting sebesar 56,5%, dan ibu yang memiliki riwayat anemia sebesar 55,3%, sedangkan ibu dengan pola pemberian makan anak tidak baik sebesar 62,4%. Riwayat anemia ibu dan pola pemberian makan anak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting anak umur 24–59 bulan di kelurahan Geneng, kecamatan Batealit, Jepara (p=0,002 dan p=0,000). Pola pemberian makan anak merupakan faktor yang lebih berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting dibandingkan riwayat anemia ibu. Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat anemia ibu dan pola pemberian makan anak terhadap kejadian stunting.

Kata Kunci:       Pola pemberian makan; Riwayat anemia ibu;  Stunting

Abstract

Failure to achieve maximum growth is the definition of stunting, calculated based on height for age (TB/U) with a limit value of less than minus 2 SD. Globally, according to the United Nations Children's Fund, in 2018 there were 22.2% of children experiencing stunting, or 1 in 4 children aged 0 to 5 years in the world had a stunting problem. Stunting can be caused by direct factors (low birth weight babies, infectious diseases, gender, history of maternal anemia) and indirect factors (incomplete immunizations, family economic status, child feeding patterns). This study aims to analyze the relationship between a history of anemia in pregnant women and child feeding patterns to the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Geneng village, Batealit sub-district, Jepara. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. The sampling method is simple random sampling. The research sample used was 85 respondents. Statistical test using chi-square test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression test for multivariate analysis. This study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval. Respondents who experienced stunting were 56.5%, and mothers who had a history of anemia were 55.3%, while mothers with poor child feeding patterns were 62.4%. History of maternal anemia and child feeding patterns affect the incidence of stunting in children aged 24–59 months in Geneng sub-district, Batealit sub-district, Jepara (p=0.002 and p=0.000). Child feeding pattern is a more influential factor on the incidence of stunting than the history of maternal anemia. There is a relationship between a history of maternal anemia and child feeding patterns on the incidence of stunting..

Keywords: Stunting; history of maternal anemia; feeding patterns.